文件写入
文件写入
BufferedWriter
public void whenWriteStringUsingBufferedWritter_thenCorrect()
throws IOException {
String str = "Hello";
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(fileName));
writer.write(str);
writer.close();
}
// 追加写入
@Test
public void whenAppendStringUsingBufferedWritter_thenOldContentShouldExistToo()
throws IOException {
String str = "World";
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(fileName, true));
writer.append(' ');
writer.append(str);
writer.close();
}
PrintWriter
PrintWriter 则是支持以格式化方式写入：
@Test
public void givenWritingStringToFile_whenUsingPrintWriter_thenCorrect()
throws IOException {
FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(fileName);
PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(fileWriter);
printWriter.print("Some String");
printWriter.printf("Product name is %s and its price is %d $", "iPhone", 1000);
printWriter.close();
}
// Some String
// Product name is iPhone and its price is 1000$
FileOutputStream
FileOutputStream/DataOutputStream 能够用于写入二进制数据：
@Test
public void givenWritingStringToFile_whenUsingFileOutputStream_thenCorrect()
throws IOException {
String str = "Hello";
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
byte[] strToBytes = str.getBytes();
outputStream.write(strToBytes);
outputStream.close();
}
@Test
public void givenWritingToFile_whenUsingDataOutputStream_thenCorrect()
throws IOException {
String value = "Hello";
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fos));
outStream.writeUTF(value);
outStream.close();
// verify the results
String result;
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
DataInputStream reader = new DataInputStream(fis);
result = reader.readUTF();
reader.close();
assertEquals(value, result);
}
RandomAccessFile
现在，让我们说明如何在现有文件中进行写入和编辑-而不是仅写入一个全新的文件或追加到现有文件中。简而言之，我们需要随机访问。RandomAccessFile 使我们能够在文件的特定位置进行写操作，给定从文件开头的偏移量（以字节为单位）。以下代码写入一个从文件开头开始偏移的整数值：
private void writeToPosition(String filename, int data, long position)
throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile writer = new RandomAccessFile(filename, "rw");
writer.seek(position);
writer.writeInt(data);
writer.close();
}
FileChannel
@Test
public void givenWritingToFile_whenUsingFileChannel_thenCorrect()
throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile stream = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "rw");
FileChannel channel = stream.getChannel();
String value = "Hello";
byte[] strBytes = value.getBytes();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(strBytes.length);
buffer.put(strBytes);
buffer.flip();
channel.write(buffer);
stream.close();
channel.close();
// verify
RandomAccessFile reader = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "r");
assertEquals(value, reader.readLine());
reader.close();
}
Temporary
@Test
public void whenWriteToTmpFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
String toWrite = "Hello";
File tmpFile = File.createTempFile("test", ".tmp");
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(tmpFile);
writer.write(toWrite);
writer.close();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(tmpFile));
assertEquals(toWrite, reader.readLine());
reader.close();
}
文件加锁
最后，在写入文件时，有时需要确保没有其他人同时写入该文件。基本上-您需要能够在写入时锁定该文件。让我们利用 FileChannel 尝试在写入文件之前将其锁定：
@Test
public void whenTryToLockFile_thenItShouldBeLocked()
throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile stream = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "rw");
FileChannel channel = stream.getChannel();
FileLock lock = null;
try {
lock = channel.tryLock();
} catch (final OverlappingFileLockException e) {
stream.close();
channel.close();
}
stream.writeChars("test lock");
lock.release();
stream.close();
channel.close();
}
大文件读写
如果我们直接使用普通的方式来读取大文件：
@Test
public void givenUsingGuava_whenIteratingAFile_thenWorks() throws IOException {
String path = ...
Files.readLines(new File(path), Charsets.UTF_8);
}
有可能会出现内存不够的情况：
[main] INFO org.baeldung.java.CoreJavaIoUnitTest - Total Memory: 128 Mb
[main] INFO org.baeldung.java.CoreJavaIoUnitTest - Free Memory: 116 Mb
[main] INFO org.baeldung.java.CoreJavaIoUnitTest - Total Memory: 2666 Mb
[main] INFO org.baeldung.java.CoreJavaIoUnitTest - Free Memory: 490 Mb
至此，显而易见的是，将文件内容保留在内存中将迅速耗尽可用内存，而不管实际有多少内存。
流式读取
FileInputStream inputStream = null;
Scanner sc = null;
try {
inputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
sc = new Scanner(inputStream, "UTF-8");
while (sc.hasNextLine()) {
String line = sc.nextLine();
// System.out.println(line);
}
// note that Scanner suppresses exceptions
if (sc.ioException() != null) {
throw sc.ioException();
}
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
if (sc != null) {
sc.close();
}
}
该解决方案将遍历文件中的所有行-允许处理每一行-无需保留对其的引用-并最终不将其保留在内存中：（消耗约 150 Mb）
[main] INFO org.baeldung.java.CoreJavaIoUnitTest - Total Memory: 763 Mb
[main] INFO org.baeldung.java.CoreJavaIoUnitTest - Free Memory: 605 Mb
我们也可以使用 Apache Commons IO 来进行流式读取：
LineIterator it = FileUtils.lineIterator(theFile, "UTF-8");
try {
while (it.hasNext()) {
String line = it.nextLine();
// do something with line
}
} finally {
LineIterator.closeQuietly(it);
}